The real-life species equivalent of every bug from Animal Crossing: New Horizons. With the horned atlas, ant, and scorpion, some guesswork was necessary, I added my thoughts on the logic next to those. Walking leaf is left at genus level, as there is no single most common species.
The cicada shell is omitted, as it is not a living organism.

This was made possible thanks to those editing Nookipedia, and this list:
https://nookipedia.com/wiki/Bugs/New_Horizons

In game order:
Common butterfly - Pieris rapae
Yellow butterfly - Colias erate
Tiger butterfly - Papilio glaucus
Peacock butterfly - Papilio bianor
Common bluebottle - Graphium sarpedon
Paper kite butterfly - Idea leuconoe
Great purple emperor - Sasakia charonda
Monarch butterfly - Danaus plexippus
Emperor butterfly - Morpho menelaus
Agrias butterfly - Agrias claudina sardanapalus
Rajah Brooke's birdwing - Trogonoptera brookiana
Queen Alexandra's birdwing - Ornithoptera alexandrae
Moth - Opodiphthera eucalypti
Atlas moth - Attacus atlas
Madagascan sunset moth - Chrysiridia rhipheus
Long locust - Acrida cinerea
Migratory locust - Locusta migratoria
Rice grasshopper - Oxya yezoensis
Grasshopper - Melanoplus sanguinipes
Cricket - Acheta domesticus
Bell cricket - Homoeogryllus japonica
Mantis - Hierodula patellifera
Orchid mantis - Hymenopus coronatus
Honeybee - Apis mellifera
Wasp - Polistes dominula (This is the confirmed one represented in New Horizons, though the species used in previous games is undetermined)
Brown cicada - Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata
Robust cicada - Hyalessa maculaticollis
Giant cicada - Quesada gigas
Walker cicada - Meimuna opalifera
Evening cicada - Tanna japonensis
Red dragonfly - Sympetrum fonscolombii
Darner dragonfly - Anax parthenope
Banded dragonfly - Anotogaster sieboldii
Damselfly - Ischnura heterosticta
Firefly - Photuris lucicrescens
Mole cricket - Gryllotalpa brachyptera
Pondskater - Gerris lacustris
Diving beetle - Dytiscus marginalis
Giant water bug - Lethocerus deyrollei
Stinkbug - Palomena prasina
Man-faced stink bug - Catacanthus incarnatus
Ladybug - Coccinella septempunctata
Tiger beetle - Cicindela japonica
Jewel beetle - Chrysochroa fulgidissima
Violin beetle - Mormolyce phyllodes
Citrus long-horned beetle - Anoplophora chinensis
Rosalia batesi beetle - Rosalia batesi
Blue weevil beetle - Eupholus magnificus
Dung beetle - Copris pecuarius
Earth-boring dung beetle - Phelotrupes auratus
Scarab beetle - Chrysina resplendens
Drone beetle - Pseudotorynorrhina japonica
Goliath beetle - Goliathus goliatus
Saw stag - Prosopocoilus inclinatus
Miyama stag - Lucanus maculifemoratus
Giant stag - Dorcus titanus
Rainbow stag - Phalacrognathus muelleri
Cyclommatus stag - Cyclommatus elaphus
Golden stag - Allotopus rosenbergi
Giraffe stag - Prosopocoilus giraffa
Horned dynastid - Allomyrina dichotomus politus
Horned atlas - Chalcosoma atlas (Nookipedia specifies only the genus Chalcosoma. Out of the three species, atlas is the most common, so it was chosen)
Horned elephant - Megasoma elephas
Horned hercules - Dynastes hercules
Walking stick - Ctenomorphodes chronus
Walking leaf - Phyllium (There is really no most-common species, so the genus is fine here)
Bagworm - Metura elongatus
Ant - Camponotus japonicus (Nookipedia specifies only Formicidae. Given there is no single most-common ant species globally, I noted some of the other Japan-centric insects in looking for a replacement. The most common Formicidae species in Japan is Camponotus japonicus, and it closely resembles the ants found in-game. Formica japonica would be an appropriate alternative, as it is the second-most common and also bears resemblance)
Hermit crab - Coenobita cavipes
Wharf roach - Ligia exotica
Fly - Musca domestica
Mosquito - Aedes albopictus
Flea - Pulex irritans
Snail - Helix pomatia
Pill bug - Armadillidium vulgare
Centipede - Lithobius forficatus
Spider - Argiope bruennichi
Tarantula - Brachypelma smithi
Scorpion - Pandinus imperator (Nookipedia specifies only Scorpiones, however it bears strong resemblance to Pandinus imperator)