Japanese hard to ID fritillaries
Warning
this might be an oversimplification
3 types of virtually (or completely) indistinguishable species in the field, but genetically different. These species maybe divided into a few subspecies. The genus is unclear, so is the exact link to mainland Asian species.
SATO
1 occurs on lower altitudes and lowlands: サトウラギン Fabriciana adippe pallescens
YAMA
2 occurs in higher altitudes: ヤマウラギン Fabriciana niobe
HIME
3 occurs Hokkaido and around Nikko (what is the exact area?)
(info via g.transl from: https://yoda1.exblog.jp/13831207/) ヒメウラギン Fabriciana vorax locuplex
according to https://yoda1.exblog.jp/13831207/
it seems that YAMA has less of a curve in the forewing edge (compared to SATO)
