Systema Dipterorum's Checklist of Phaonia and Dolichophaonia (Diptera: Muscidae) north of Mexico

The "Phaoniini" of muscid flies in North America include some of the most diverse genera of the family in our area. Unfortunately, they are also very poorly known, often confused in nomenclature, and difficult to recognize from photographs. No checklist of the genus Phaonia north of Mexico has been made since Stone et al.'s catalogue, and Dolichophaonia was described in 1993, after which some Phaonia species in our area were almost silently transferred to. I have here compiled a list of species occuring in this area according to Systema Dipterorum, which keeps tabs on these taxa watchfully, including works published this year. It's one of the only options of sources we have to help make accessible checklists like these. Carvalho et al. made a catalogue of Muscidae of the Neotropical region in 2005. Next I will try to do this for Helina, which I also have specimens of, and might be an even more heterogenous genus than Phaonia.

Synopsis of Genera:
Genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 482 (79 species)
In my trip to Massachusetts, I caught some flies and one of them keyed to Phaonia apicata (ssp. apicata? No nominal subspecies has been proposed) in Malloch (1923). That alone doesn't mean it is apicata; species not included in that key also should be accounted for, hence why I made this updated checklist, as notes for myself, but I would also like to share this with other people (I'm just not sure if I should be sharing this information like crazy, mostly due to copyright and stuff).
One of the defining characters for the genus Phaonia is the presence of hind tibia bare of setae except for a single well developed posterodorsal seta on the apical fourth or so. Other genera may also have this character, though, such as Hydrotaea (can we come to a consensus on the Hydrotaea-Ophyra issue please?!?!), Lophosceles, Muscina, and more. Helina almost always have a different configuration of the hind tibial chaetotaxy as Phaonia, with either more than 1 seta on the posterodorsal surface or with a single seta reduced in size or displaced. Arguably what's actually probably the more unique character of Phaonia is that many, maybe even most Phaonia also have 3 post-sutural dorsocentral setae, an exception among Muscidae, which usually have 4. Generally only Coenosiini and maybe some Helina have this character state. This can make them more difficult to separate from Anthomyiidae, however. In these cases, acrostichals also tend to be entirely lacking except for a prescutellar pair, which almost never occurs in Anthomyiidae. Most anthomyiids also have more than one posterodorsal seta on the hind tibiae. The crossveins on the wings may also be clouded with dark in Phaonia. The eyes can also be hairy.
Several additions to the fauna have been made since the keys from Malloch (1923) and Huckett (1965), and few synonymies. Ringdahl (1933) described P. bidentata. Hall (1937) described P. pudoa. Huckett (1965) of course described a few species. After Stone et al.'s catalogue, Huckett (1966) described several species from western North America. Huckett (1973) described P. cauta from Maine. Dialyta rufitibia, used in Huckett (1965), was synonymized with Phaonia flavitibia, and is consequently now Phaonia flavitibia. Phaonia morio Zetterstedt, used in Huckett (1965), was synonymized with P. lugubris. P. pruinosa became a junior primary homonym of Polietina concinna.
Not as straightforwardly, Phaonia pratensis has a markedly confused history of nomenclature. Most of it was summarized by Collin (1951) and Pont (1984). I haven't found it or its synonyms at all in Malloch (1923), Stone et al. (1965), or Huckett (1965), but it's listed to occur here by Systema Dipterorum. It turns out this species had been referred to as over 4 different species-group names. Collin (1951) described P. laetabilis, an additional species found among an assemblage also containing P. laeta Fallén in the UK. Later on, the valid name of P. laetabilis became P. trigonalis and that of P. laeta Fallén became P. pratensis. The lectotype of P. laeta turned out to be P. trigonalis itself though, and so Pont (1984), whom also explains all this, synonymized P. laetabilis with P. laeta. This should also imply that all of these names are just P. pratensis, since P. laeta is already a synonym of P. pratensis, but this was not made too clear. Systema Dipterorum lists both P. laeta and P. pratensis as valid names, but the ranges are printed exactly the same, suggesting that they meant for the two species to be the same. Therefore, I treat them all as P. pratensis here. I won't get into the other species-group names, but they are also synonyms. Collin (1951) denotes its morphology.

Genus Dolichophaonia Carvalho, 1993: 19 (2 species)
de Carvalho (1993) described the genus Dolichophaonia in their publication written in Portuguese. All the species assigned to the genus at the time were Neotropical, none occuring north of Mexico (yet?). Later on, our Phaonia texensis was provisionally transferred to the genus. Vockeroth (1996) shortly in his key to genera synonymized Dolichophaonia with Phaonia, suggesting there are no ways to separate females of that genus from Phaonia. This interpretation is reflected in the Muscidae portion in the Manual of Central America, written by Savage and Vockeroth (2015), which still considered Dolichophaonia a part of Phaonia. Couri & de Carvalho rejected this synonymy in 2002 during their key and taxonomic work of the Muscidae of the Neotropical region (that's also extremely difficult to access; I do not have it). It remains controversial if Dolichophaonia should remain a distinct genus. Systema Dipterorum considers it so. Fortunately, Malloch (1923) includes our Dolichophaonia species as Phaonia species and they are quite easily separated. Those species form a group in the key, suggesting a distinct relationship. At this time, only Dolichophaonia texensis appears to have been collected north of Mexico. Eventually, D. limbinervis will probably be found here. Systema Dipterorum broadly lists North America as part of its range anyway.

Checklist:
Genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 482 (79 species)
Phaonia aberrans Malloch, 1919: 208 - New Jersey, Tennessee,North Carolina References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia albocalyptrata Malloch, 1920: 267 - s.Alaska References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
Phaonia alpicola (Zetterstedt, 1845: 1401) - Alaska, Nunavut, Manitoba, Quebec,Europe,Palaearctic References: Huckett (1965)
= Aricia alpicola Boheman, 1844: 104 (nomen nudum)
= Aricia alpicola Zetterstedt, 1845: 1401
Phaonia alticola Malloch, 1923: 260 - Alaska, Nunavut,Yukon Territory References: Huckett (1965)
Phaonia antennalis Huckett, 1966: 296 - California
Phaonia apicalis Stein, 1914: 46 - Alaska,Michigan,n.Europe References: Huckett (1965)
Phaonia apicata Johannsen, 1916: 396 - Alberta, Iowa, Wisconsin,Michigan, Quebec, Labrador toGa. References: Malloch (1923)
+ssp. solitaria Stein, 1920: 15 - Wisconsin, New York
Phaonia atlanis Malloch, 1923: 279 - Quebec, Mich.to New York, s. to Miss.andFla.
Phaonia atrocitrea Malloch, 1923: 262 - Yukon Territory,Quebec References: Huckett (1965)
Phaonia atrocyanea Ringdahl, 1916: 234 - Alaska, Yukon Territory,Nunavut, Quebec, Labrador,Sweden References: Malloch (1923) (as citreibasis), Huckett (1965)
= Phaonia citreibasis Malloch, 1920: 268
Phaonia aurea Malloch, 1923: 256 - Washington
Phaonia azygos Malloch, 1923: 261 - New York
Phaonia basiseta Malloch, 1920: 133 - Alberta to Nunavut,s.to Alberta, South Dakota and Minnesota, e.Asia References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
Phaonia bidentata Ringdahl, 1933: 17 - Nunavut, Quebec,Labrador References: Huckett (1965)
Phaonia brevispina Malloch, 1923: 269 - Washington, to California,Idaho, Illinois to New Hampshire andVa.
Phaonia bysia (Walker, 1849: 936) - Alaska to Oreg., Alberta andIdaho, Michigan to Quebec, s. toGa. References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
= Anthomyia bysia Walker, 1849: 936
= Phaonia pallicornis Stein, 1920: 12
Phaonia caerulescens (Stein, 1898: 187) - Washington to Alberta, s.to California andUtah References: Malloch (1923)
= Aricia caerulescens Stein, 1898: 187
Phaonia californiensis (Malloch, 1923: 236) - California,Arizona
= Bigotomyia californiensis Malloch, 1923: 236
Phaonia cauta Huckett, 1973: 232 - Maine
Phaonia consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1838: 665) - Alaska to Greenland, s. to Quebec, Europe, n. Russia References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
= Anthomyza consobrina Zetterstedt, 1837: 43 (nomen nudum)
= Anthomyza consobrina Zetterstedt, 1838: 665
= Anthomyza vicina Zetterstedt, 1838: 673
= Aricia marmorata Zetterstedt, 1860: 6197
= Anthomyia serva Meigen of Lundbeck, 1898: 309
Phaonia coriatlanis Huckett, 1966: 297 - California
Phaonia curvinervis Malloch, 1923: 275 - N.S.
Phaonia curvipes (Stein, 1920: 19) - Michigan to Quebec, s.toN.C. References: Huckett (1965)
= Trichopticus curvipes Stein, 1920: 19
Phaonia deleta (Stein, 1898: 178) - Nunavut,California, Texas, Iowa to Quebec, s. toPa. References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
= Aricia deleta Stein, 1898: 178
Phaonia diruta (Stein, 1898: 188) - South Dakota,Kansas,Michigan to Connecticut, s. toGa. References: Malloch (1923)
= Spilogaster diruta Stein, 1898: 188
Phaonia dissimilis Malloch, 1923: 263 - Alaska References: Huckett (1965)
Phaonia errans (Meigen, 1826: 112) - Alaska to Newfoundland, s. toCalif. and New Jersey,Palaearctic References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
= Musca erratica Fallén, 1825: 77
= Anthomyia errans Meigen, 1826: 112
= Trennia nigricornis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 484
= Anthomyza zetterstedt Bonsdorff, 1866: 273
= Yetodesia tinctipennis Rondani, 1866: 104
= Yetodesia manicata Rondani, 1871: 322
= Aricia girschneri Schnabl, 1888: 401
= Phaonia biseta Ringdahl, 1935: 31
+ssp. completa Malloch, 1923: 258 - New Hampshire
= Phaonia errans var. completa Malloch, 1923: 258
+ssp. luteva Walker, 1849: 934 - Nova Scotia
= Hyetodesia varipes Coquillett, 1900: 441
Phaonia fausta Huckett, 1965: 313 - Nunavut
Phaonia flava Stein, 1920: 6 - British Columbia, Oregon,California References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia flavibasis Malloch, 1919: 208 - New York,New Hampshire References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia flavitibia (Johannsen, 1916: 394) - Wisconsin to Quebec,s. toN.C. References: Huckett (1965) (as Dialyta)
=Dialyta flavitibia Johannsen, 1916: 394
=Dialyta rufitibia Stein, 1920: 23
Phaonia fraterna Malloch, 1923: 251 - New Hampshire
Phaonia fuscana Huckett, 1965: 906 - Washington, Oregon, Wisconsin to Quebec, s. to Tex.andGa.
= Spilogaster fusca Stein, 1898: 189
Phaonia fuscicauda Malloch, 1918: 269 - Washington,Oregon References: Malloch (1923)
= Phaonia fuscinervis Stein, 1920: 7
Phaonia harti Malloch, 1923: 266 - Alberta,Idaho, Arizona, Kans.to Michigan and Massachusetts, s. toVa.
Phaonia houghii (Stein, 1898: 177) - British Columbia toQue., s. to California,Oklahoma, andN.J. References: Malloch (1923)
= Aricia houghii Stein, 1898: 177
= Phaonia inculta Stein, 1920: 8
Phaonia hybrida (Schnabl, 1888: 396) - Alaska, Yukon Territory,Nunavut,Palaearctic References: Huckett (1965)
= Aricia hybrida Schnabl, 1888: 396
Phaonia imitatrix Malloch, 1919: 61c - USA (Alaska); Canada(Yukon) References: Huckett (1965)
Phaonia inenarrabilis Huckett, 1965: 314 - Nunavut,Alberta
Phaonia laticornis Malloch, 1923: 279 - Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, New Hampshire toN.C.
Phaonia lugubris (Meigen, 1826: 87) - Alaska, Yukon Territory, Nunavut, Greenland, cent. and n. Europe, e.Asia References: Huckett (1965) (as morio)
= Anthomyia lugubris Meigen, 1826: 87
= Aricia morio Boheman, 1844: 103 (nomen nudum)
= Aricia morio Zetterstedt, 1845: 1399
= Aricia plumbea Zetterstedt of Lundbeck, 1898: 308
Phaonia magnicornis (Zetterstedt, 1845: 1666) - Alaska, Yukon Territory,Palaearctic References: Huckett (1965)
= Anthomyza magnicornis Zetterstedt, 1845: 1666
= Aricia medisecta Pandellé, 1899: 102
Phaonia marylandica Malloch, 1923: 265 - Maine
Phaonia monticola Malloch, 1918: 266 - Alaska to Newfoundland, s. to Arizona andColo. References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
= Aricia morio Zetterstedt of Stein, 1920: 17
Phaonia neglecta Huckett, 1966: 299 - Alberta,Washington, Oregon,Colorado
Phaonia nigricans Johannsen, 1916: 395 - Alberta to South Dakota,Utah, Wisconsin to Quebec and Newfoundland, s. toD.C. References: Malloch (1923)
= Phaonia nigricans Johannsen, 1916: 395
= Spilogaster cayugae Johannsen, 1917: 327
= Phaonia nervosa Stein, 1920: 12
Phaonia nigricauda Malloch, 1918: 268 - California References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia pallidisquama (Zetterstedt, 1849: 3288) - Nunavut (Baffin I.), Greenland, Quebec, n.w.Europe References: Huckett (1965)
= Aricia pallidisquama Zetterstedt, 1849: 3288
= Aricia anthracina Zetterstedt, 1860: 6227
Phaonia pallidosa Huckett, 1965: 907 - British Columbia and Idaho toCalif.
= Dialyta pallida Stein, 1920: 22
Phaonia pallidula Coquillett, 1902: 122 - Tex.to s. Ga.toMass References: Malloch (1923)
= Phaonia dulcis Stein, 1920: 5
Phaonia parviceps Malloch, 1918: 267 - Oregon References: Malloch (1923)
= Phaonia caesia Stein, 1920: 4
Phaonia peregrinans Huckett, 1965: 314 - Alaska
Phaonia perfida Stein, 1920: 13 - California,Utah References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia picealis Huckett, 1965: 315 - Alaska
Phaonia pratensis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 485) - Michigan, Ontario, New Hampshire, Ohio,Europe References: Collin (1951), Pont (1984)
= Musca laeta (Fallén, 1823: 56) (tentative placement)
= Anthomyia trigonalis Meigen, 1826: 127
= Mydaea nigripes Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 481
= Euphemia pratensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 485
= Euphemia tibialis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 486
= Anthomyia betuleti Bouché, 1834: 78
= Aricia brevivillosa Macquart, 1835: 292
= Aricia nigripes Schnabl, 1888: 454
= Aricia maculipennis Strøm, 1896: 238
= Phaonia laetabilis Collin, 1951: 2
Phaonia prisca Stein, 1920: 14 - New York References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia protuberans Malloch, 1923: 247 - Washington to Colorado,Alberta to Labrador, s.toN.Y. References: Huckett (1965)
Phaonia proxima (Wulp, 1869: 85) - Alaska, Yukon Territory,Washington,Michigan References: Huckett (1965)
= Aricia proxima Wulp, 1869: 85
Phaonia pudoa Hall, 1937: 215 - Washington,Montana
Phaonia pulvillata (Stein, 1904: 422) - New York to Georgia References: Malloch (1923)
= Aricia pulvillataStein, 1904: 422
Phaonia quieta Stein, 1920: 14 - Oregon,California,Utah,Michigan References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia reclusa Huckett, 1966: 300 - California
Phaonia reflecta Huckett, 1966: 301 - California
Phaonia reversa Huckett, 1966: 303 - California
Phaonia rufibasis Malloch, 1919: 207 - Alberta, Utah, Que.toMd References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia rugia (Walker, 1849: 923) - Alaska to Labr., s. to Utah, Colo.andN.H. References: Malloch (1923) (as incerta), Huckett (1965)
= Anthomyia rugia Walker, 1849: 923
= Aricia brunneinervis Stein, 1898: 183
= Phaonia incerta Malloch, 1923: 250
Phaonia savonoskii Malloch, 1923: 248 - Nunavut,Washington,Alberta,Manitoba References: Huckett (1965)
Phaonia serva (Meigen, 1826: 86) - N.W.T.to Newfoundland, s. to Wyo. and Georgia,Palaearctic References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
= Anthomyia serva Meigen, 1826: 86
= Fellaea agilis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 478
= Fellaea erratica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 478
= Anthomyia interlatens Walker, 1853: 120
Phaonia sobriana Huckett, 1966: 304 - California
Phaonia soccata (Walker, 1849: 941) - Alberta, Ontario to MainetoN.Y. References: Malloch (1923), Huckett (1965)
= Anthomyia soccata Walker, 1849: 941
Phaonia striata (Stein, 1898: 179) - Washington,California References: Malloch (1923)
= Aricia striata Stein, 1898: 179
Phaonia subfusca Malloch, 1923: 273 - Arkansas, Ohio,New York
Phaonia subfuscinervis (Zetterstedt, 1838: 673) - Alaska to Greenland, s. to Manitoba and Quebec, New Hampshire,n.w.Europe References: Huckett (1965)
= Anthomyza inconspicua Zetterstedt, 1837: 43 (nomen nudum)
= Anthomyza subfuscinervis Zetterstedt, 1837: 43 (nomen nudum)
= Anthomyza turpis Zetterstedt, 1837: 43 (nomen nudum)
= Anthomyza vicina Zetterstedt, 1837: 43 (nomen nudum)
= Anthomyza inconspicua Zetterstedt, 1838: 673
= Anthomyza subfuscinervis Zetterstedt, 1838: 673
= Anthomyza turpis Zetterstedt, 1838: 673
Phaonia tenebriona Huckett, 1965: 315 - Yukon
Phaonia tipulivora Malloch, 1923: 252 - New York,New Hampshire, Maine,Massachusetts,Connecticut
Phaonia trivialis Malloch, 1923: 278 - Alberta
Phaonia uniseriata Malloch, 1923: 268 - Washington
Phaonia versicolor Stein, 1920: 16 - Colorado References: Malloch (1923)
Phaonia winnemanae Malloch, 1919: 3 - Wisconsin,Michigan, New York,Massachusetts, Maine,New Hampshire References: Malloch (1923)
= Phaonia apta Stein, 1920: 4

Genus Dolichophaonia Carvalho, 1993: 19 (2 species)
Dolichophaonia texensis (Malloch, 1923) - California, Arizona,Florida,Mexico
+ssp. flavofemorata Malloch - Texas, Florida
Dolichophaonia limbinervis (Stein, 1918: 208) - Mexico; North America References: Malloch (1923)

References:
de Carvalho, C. J. B. DOLICHOPHAONIA, GEN. N.(DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE, PHAONIINAE) DESCRIÇOES, NOVAS COMBINAÇOES, SINONIMIAS. Revista Brasiliera de Entomologia 37(1): 19-34.
de Carvalho, C.J.B. & Couri, M.S. 2002. Part I. Basal groups, pp. 17-132. In: Carvalho, C.J.B. de (ed.), Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region: taxonomy. Iniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba. 293 pp.
de Carvalho, C.J.B., Couri, M.S., Pont, A.C., Pamplona, D. & Lopes, S.M. 2005. A catalogue of the Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 860, 282 pp.
Collin, J.E. 1951. Phaonia laetabilis sp.n. with notes on some other related Anthomyiidae (Diptera). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 63(2): 1-5.
Couri, M.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2002. Part II. Apical groups, pp. 133-260. In: Carvalho, C.J.B. de (ed.), Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region: taxonomy. Iniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba. 293 pp.
Falk, S.J, and Pont, A.C. 2017. A Provisional Assessment of the Status of Calypterate flies in the UK. Natural England. Commissioned Reports, Number 234.
Fallen, C.F. 1820-1825. Monographia Muscidum Sveciae.
Hall, D.G. 1937. New muscoid flies (Diptera) in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 84[3011]: 201-216.
Huckett, H.C. 1965. The Muscidae of Northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Diptera). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 42, 369 pp.
Huckett, H.C. 1966. New species of Anthomyiidae and Muscidae from California (Diptera).Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 34: 235-305.
Huckett, H.C. 1973. The Anthomyiidae and Muscidae of Mt. Katahdin, Maine (Diptera). J. N.Y. ent. Soc. 80[1972]: 216-233.
Malloch, J.R. 1918. Diptera from the southwestern United States. Paper IV. Anthomyiidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 44: 263-319, 1 pl.
Malloch, J.R. 1919. One new genus and two new species of Anthomyiidae from the vicinity of Washington, D. C. (Diptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32: 1-14.
Malloch, J.R. 1919. Some new eastern Anthomyiidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32: 207-210.
Malloch, J.R. 1919. The Diptera collected by the Canadian Expedition, 1913-1918 (Excluding the Tipulidae and Culicidae). Pp. 34c-90c. In: Anderson, R. M. (ed.), Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918. Vol. 3: Insecta. 90 pp., 10 pls.
Malloch, J.R. 1920. Descriptions of new North American Anthomyiidae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 46: 133-196, 3 pls.
Malloch, J.R. 1923. Flies of the anthomyiid genus Phaonia and related genera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 48[1922]: 227-282.
Meigen, J.W. 1826. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Funfter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm. xii + 412 pp.
Pont, A.C. 1984. A revision of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) described by Fallen. Entomologica Scandinavica 15: 277-297.
Stein, P. 1898. Nordamerikanische Anthomyiden. Beitrag zur Dipteren-fauna der Vereinigten Staaten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift (1897) 42: 161-288.
Stein, P. 1914. Versuch, die Gattungen und Arten unserer Anthomyiden nur nach dem weiblichen Geschlecht zu bestimmen, nebst Beschreibung einiger neuen Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Abt. A) 79 (8)[1913]: 4-55.
Stein, P. 1920. Nordamerikanische Anthomyiden. 2. Beitrag. Archiv für Naturgeschichte Abt. A 84 (9)[1918]: 1-106.
Vockeroth, J.R. 1996. Key to the genera of Muscidae (Diptera) of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 18: 280–288.
Walker, F. 1849. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum (Natural History), London. Pp. [3] + 689-1172 + [2].
Zetterstedt, J.W. 1838. Dipterologis Scandinaviae. Sect. 3: Diptera, pp. 477-868. In his Insecta Lapponica. vi + 1,140 (pp.) Lipsiae [= Leipzig].
Zetterstedt, J.W. 1845. Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Tomus quartus. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund.]. Pp. 1281-1738.

Posted on 20 de junho de 2022, 07:25 AM by aispinsects aispinsects

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